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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a phase change material (PCM) energy storage device comprising an enclosure for receiving a phase change material (6) and a thermal heat source comprising a heat transfer fluid (4) passing through said phase change material (6). enclosure and configured to store and extract heat from said MCP (6) characterized in that the device comprises an electric heat source placed in said enclosure and configured to store only heat in said MCP (6). The field of the invention relates to Thermal Storage Systems (SST) by Phase Change Materials (PCM); and more particularly, the integration of a system for optimizing the availability of stored thermal energy. The invention will find application in the electrical and heat networks, urban or rural.
    公开号:FR3024534A1
    申请号:FR1457433
    申请日:2014-07-31
    公开日:2016-02-05
    发明作者:Matthieu Martinelli；Benjamin Chazelle；Raphael Couturier
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a device for energy storage by phase change material and an associated storage method. The field of the invention relates to Thermal Storage Systems (SST) by Phase Change Materials (PCM); and more particularly, the integration of a system for optimizing the availability of stored thermal energy. The invention will find application in urban and rural electricity and heat networks. The invention may also find applications in the development of "smartgrid" electrical and thermal networks, as well as in the interactions between these networks. STATE OF THE ART The heat networks consist of at least one heat source (thermal power plant, solar thermal panels, geothermal source, etc.), a fluid network that allows the transport of the calories to the users by the intermediate of a coolant and optionally a return network. Each subscriber corresponds a heat exchanger for the thermal transfer of the primary circuit (network connected to the heat source) to a secondary circuit; this second circuit is the property of the subscriber and is traversed by hot water (<100 ° C). This heat exchanger is the delivery point of the thermal energy, it is called the heat exchanger, meter, and the different sets of valves: a substation. The load of a heat network is very fluctuating, on average over the year the production units operate at 25% of their capacity. This implies that consumption peaks are 4 times larger than the average load. These peaks (morning, evening) represent about 30% of the thermal consumption of a typical heating day. Auxiliary (and backup) generators are usually thermal power plants with heavy fuel oil, natural gas or coal, polluting and not always cheap. The use of a thermal storage system that stores calories while the demand is low and reinjects them on the network during peak consumption could alleviate this problem. The thermal storage can be achieved by storage by enthalpy of change of state. In this case storage is by phase change material. It is the enthalpy of phase change, most often during the change of solid / liquid state, which is stored. This energy, which is absorbed during melting and released during solidification, results from the establishment or rupture of interatomic or intermolecular bonds. The charge of the storage system is accompanied by the melting of the storage material, while the discharge is achieved by the solidification of said material. The material should be carefully chosen according to the target temperature of the storage system so that its melting temperature is within the operating temperature range. The amount of stored thermal energy is expressed with the following relationship: 4Q = m.h_lv m Mass [kg] h_Iv Massive solid-liquid phase change mass enthalpy [kJ / kg] One of the major advantages of this technology is that the Phase change is at constant pressure and temperature. Therefore, the discharge of the stored energy can be done at a constant temperature. The phase change enthalpy is relatively large compared to the sensible energy change of a material. For example, the energy stored in the melting of an ice block (from 0 to 1 ° C) is equivalent to the energy stored in the same amount of water if it is heated to 80 ° C. Therefore, storage systems with MCP are interesting because the amount of energy stored per unit volume is greater than that obtained by a sensitive system (better storage density). As a result, the volumes of storage and materials are reduced, which decreases the price of the system, and limits heat losses which are proportional to the external surface of the tank. Thermal storage has recently developed around thermodynamic solar power plants in order to offset the intermittency of the solar resource. Today, the theme of thermal storage also concerns housing and heating networks. In particular, we know the macro-encapsulation technologies of MCP, tube and shell heat exchanger and storage with direct contact. The macro-encapsulation of the MCP consists in placing in a reservoir waterproof modules including a MCP. These modules are immersed in a heat transfer fluid flowing along the modules. The heat transfer fluid and the MCP will exchange heat. The heat transfer fluid will yield to the MCP during the charge, which will cause the fusion of the latter. The MCP will give heat to the coolant during the discharge, which will solidify the first. The exchanger technology is well known: a shell in which a fluid circulates is traversed by a bundle of tubes in which another fluid flows. Both fluids exchange energy by conduction through the thickness of the tubes. In the case of thermal storage this technology is adapted, there is no exchange between two fluids in motion, but between a heat transfer fluid circulating in the tubes and the MCP which is fixed in the shell (apart from the movements of natural convection in the liquid phase). During charging, the coolant reaches a temperature above the melting temperature of the PCM and gives energy to it, which causes its melting; during the discharge, the heat transfer fluid enters at a temperature below the melting temperature of the MCP and recovers the previously stored energy, which causes the solidification of the MCP. The phase change thermal storage of a material is called "direct contact" if the MCP is in direct contact with the coolant. For example, during charging, hot oil arrives through a feed tube and gives energy to the MCP, causing the melting thereof. Having a lower density than the MCP, the oil rises in the upper part of the tank where it is pumped back into the exchanger where it is heated. During the discharge, the cold oil arrives through the feed tube, it rises in temperature by exchanging energy with the MCP which solidifies, then goes up in the high part of the tank where it is pumped again; in the exchanger, the oil gives heat to a secondary fluid. However, despite the storage of thermal energy it is still sometimes difficult to ensure a supply of thermal energy satisfactory in terms of quality and quantity during peak demand. There is therefore the need to provide a device for a better availability of thermal energy and a better use of existing storage devices.
    [0002] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention proposes for this purpose a device for energy storage by phase change material comprising an enclosure and a phase change material intended to be contained in said enclosure and a thermal heat source comprising a heat transfer fluid passing through said enclosure for supplying and extracting heat from said MCP, and an electric heat source configured to only supply heat to said MCP. The electric heat source generates heat transmitted to the MCP which stores the thermal energy of electrical origin. In parallel, the thermal energy is stored by the heat transfer fluid which transmits it to the MCP. Advantageously, the recovery of thermal energy from either electrical energy or thermal energy is performed by the heat transfer fluid in the form of heat. The invention makes it possible to use two energy sources for storing thermal energy. The integration of an electrical heat source into a phase change material storage system, in addition to the usual thermal heat source, optimizes the efficiency of the device by ensuring better heat availability, especially during consumption peaks. . The proposed invention also makes it possible to valorize in thermal form the electrical energy produced in excess by a wind field or a photovoltaic solar farm, for example. It is particularly adapted to local networks seeking energy independence and where the interactions between heat and power networks are at the heart of the development of renewable energies (RE). The invention advantageously contributes to providing thermal energy even in case of maintenance or failure of the thermal heat source through the electric heat source. Preferably, the thermal heat source and the electric heat source are distant from each other. This distance between the two heat sources makes it possible to limit the interferences between the latter, allowing the optimal device to operate with an electrical load and a thermal load in parallel. This distance is defined and maintained for example by means of removal. Advantageously, the device comprises a longitudinal profile in contact with the phase change material comprising a housing receiving the electric heat source.
    [0003] Preferably, the source of electrical heat is a thermal resistance. According to one possibility, the housing comprises a thermal contact agent in which the thermal heat source plunges. This agent allows thermal continuity between the electric heat source and the profile. Advantageously, the device comprises a heat exchanger immersed in the MCP comprising a tube and in which circulates the coolant. Advantageously, the longitudinal section is in contact with said exchanger. Advantageously, the exchanger comprises a metal insert surrounding said exchanger tube configured to provide thermal conduction with the MCP. The longitudinal section is advantageously in contact with said insert. The device according to the invention advantageously allows, in particular by this arrangement, to perform a storage of thermal energy and electrical energy simultaneously without harmful interference, said insert playing in particular the role of removal means. According to another object, the present invention relates to an energy storage method comprising a thermal energy storage phase, an electrical energy storage phase and a destocking phase. The method advantageously allows storage of heat from thermal energy and electrical energy simultaneously without harmful interference as well as storage of heat from electrical energy simultaneously without interference with a destocking of thermal energy.
    [0004] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The objects, objects, as well as the features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter which is illustrated by the accompanying figures in which: FIG. from above an example of a network formed by exchangers comprising inserts and finned tubes and profiles. Figure 2: circular fin tube. Figure 3: top view of an exchanger with the finned tube is placed in an insert.
    [0005] Figure 4: top view of a profile. Figure 5: top view of details of the fastening means between the inserts and a profile. Figure 6: Profile according to a first embodiment. Figure 7: Profile according to a second embodiment.
    [0006] Figure 8: top view of an example network formed by exchangers comprising inserts and finned tubes and profiles. Figure 9: Profile according to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 8. Figure 10: Exchanger according to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 8 with an octagonal insert with finned tube.
    [0007] The accompanying drawings are given by way of example and are not limiting of the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principles intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the level of practical applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Before beginning a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, invention, are set forth below optional features that may optionally be used in combination or alternatively.
    [0008] It is first recalled that the invention relates to a phase change material (PCM) energy storage device comprising an enclosure for receiving a phase change material and a thermal heat source comprising a heat transfer fluid. passing through said enclosure and configured to provide and extract heat to said MCP characterized in that the device comprises an electric heat source arranged in the enclosure configured to only store heat in said MCP. Advantageously, the device comprises a profile arranged in thermal contact with the MCP and comprising a housing in which is disposed the electric heat source.
    [0009] Advantageously, the housing of said profile comprises a thermal contact agent ensuring the thermal conductivity between the electric heat source and said profile. Advantageously, the electric heat source is an electrical resistance. Advantageously, the thermal heat source comprises a heat exchanger immersed in the MCP and in which circulates the coolant. Advantageously, the exchanger comprises a tube comprising peripheral fins shaped to ensure the heat transfer between the MCP and the coolant contained in said tube. Advantageously, the exchanger comprises a metal insert surrounding said tube and configured to provide thermal continuity with said tube. Advantageously, the profile is in contact with the exchanger receiving the heat transfer fluid. Advantageously, the profile comprises branches extending from the housing towards the exchanger.
    [0010] Advantageously, the device comprises a plurality of exchangers and a plurality of profiles arranged at the contacts of at least two exchangers. Advantageously, the device comprises fastening means between at least one exchanger and a profile. Advantageously, the exchanger and the profile form a one-piece assembly plunging into the MCP intended to be contained in the enclosure.
    [0011] Advantageously, the thermal heat source and the electric heat source are arranged at a distance from one another to ensure thermal independence. Advantageously, the thermal heat source and the electric heat source are at least three times the diameter of the tube. Advantageously, the MCP is a liquid / solid MCP. According to another aspect the invention relates to a method for producing a device for storing thermal energy by at least one phase change material as described above in that it comprises: a- a phase of storage of electrical energy in which the electric heat source transmits heat to the MCP which stores the electrical energy in the form of thermal energy, b- a thermal energy storage phase in which the heat transfer fluid of the source of heat thermal heat transmits said heat to said MCP which stores the thermal energy, c- a thermal energy destocking phase in which the coolant cools the MCP which releases the heat energy which is recovered by the coolant. Advantageously, the phases a- and b- are carried out simultaneously or alternately. Advantageously, the phases a and c are performed simultaneously. The device according to the invention is a device for energy storage by phase change material (PCM). The device makes it possible to store thermal energy of both thermal origin and electrical origin. The invention makes it possible to have two charging means of the storage system: an electrical source and a thermal source. The electric charge is understood as the charge of the thermal energy storage device from an electrical source and the thermal load is understood as the charge of the thermal energy storage device from a thermal source. The heat source can have several origins which can be wood energy, geothermal, combustion of household waste, natural gas, etc., this is also the case for the electrical source which can be of photovoltaic origin , wind, etc. The device comprises a storage enclosure 13 intended to contain at least one MCP 6 and a heat transfer fluid 4 passing through said enclosure 13. The enclosure 13 is conventionally of a cylindrical shape whose walls are formed of metallic material resistant to variations in temperature. pressure and temperature.
    [0012] For example, the enclosure 13 is of carbon steel construction. The conventional grades for a pressurized enclosure 13 are P235GH, P265GH, P355GH. In the absence of pressure, stainless steels 304, 316 can be used. Depending on the type of thermal energy storage device, different configurations are possible. According to a first embodiment using the encapsulation of the MCP 6, the device comprises an enclosure 13 in which the MCP 6 is placed in encapsulated form in sealed modules immersed in the coolant 4 flowing along the modules and passing through the enclosure 13 from an entrance to an exit.
    [0013] According to a second embodiment using the direct contact, the MCP 6 and the heat transfer fluid 4 directly contained in the enclosure 13, the heat transfer fluid 4 passing through the enclosure 13 from an inlet to an outlet. According to a third preferred embodiment using a tube / shell type exchanger, the MCP 6 is placed directly in the chamber 13 and an exchanger 5 is immersed in the said MCP 6. The exchanger 5 is a heat exchanger 5 with heat transfer fluid 4. The exchanger 5 comprises a tube 1 advantageously fins 2 and advantageously an insert 3 which will be described below. The exchanger 5 comprises an inlet and an outlet of the coolant 4 in the enclosure 13. The inlet and the outlet are arranged outside the enclosure 13. The inlet and the outlet can be, depending on the modes embodiment, arranged at two opposite ends of the enclosure 13, for example the inlet at the top and the outlet at the bottom or arranged on the same side for example at the top. Preferably, the exchanger 5 is at least partially positioned in the chamber 13. The heat transfer fluid 4 is typically water but any other fluid having heat-generating properties can be used. Preferably, the device comprises a plurality of exchangers 5 arranged in the enclosure 13. Examples of arrangements are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 8. The exchanger 5 may be of different types. By way of preference, the exchanger 5 comprises a tube 1 advantageously comprising fins 2 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. The tube 1 and the fins 2 are made of thermally conductive material such as metal, for example steel, for tube 1 and aluminum for the fins 2. The tube 1 may be of various sections, as a circular example as shown in the figures. This type of exchanger 5 has the advantage of ensuring the heat transfer between the MCP 6 and the heat transfer fluid 4. The fins 2 may be longitudinal arranged along the tubes, for example. The fins 2 may also be orthogonal, they are then arranged helically around the tube 1, and may be solid circular, or segmented. According to other possibilities, the exchanger 5 may be in the form of a coil which has the advantage of being less expensive or with plates.
    [0014] Advantageously, the exchanger 5 comprises an insert 3 arranged around the tube 1 and possibly fins 2 if it is provided. The insert 3 is a metal element that also makes it possible to improve heat transfer between the MCP 6 and the coolant 4. The insert 3 can be likened to a metal matrix connecting several tubes 1 to each other. Advantageously, the insert 3, and the inserts 3 if the device advantageously comprises several exchangers 5 in the enclosure 13, allow to maintain the tube network 1. In addition, they improve the thermal conduction within the MCP 6 by playing the role of fins 2 of large sizes. The inserts can take many forms but mainly they are metal profiles having important contact surfaces with the tube 1 or its fins 2 and important contact surfaces with the MCP 6. The insert 3 is for example of circular section, figures 1 and 3, or octagonal, Figure 8 and 10. The insert 3 comprises, according to one possibility, external walls 12 solid improving the thermal conductivity. Preferably, the inserts 3 are in contact with each other as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 8.
    [0015] As an indication, the inserts 3 have an outer diameter of 212 mm; the fins 2 have an outer diameter of 57.4mm; the tubes 1 have an outer diameter of 25.4 mm and a thickness of 2.7 mm. The storage device according to the invention comprises, according to one possibility, a device for regulating the temperature of the coolant 4. The regulating device makes it possible to control the temperature of the coolant 4 during the use of the energy storage device for supplying and extracting heat from the MCP 6 contained in the enclosure 13. According to a preferred embodiment, the enclosure 13 comprises classically metallic inner walls. The walls are preferably covered with a coating material intended to prevent contact between the at least one MCP 6 and metal parts. By way of example, the coating material is a polymer or a resin, preferably a fluorinated resin type material such as PTFE, FEP or PFA. This arrangement improves the storage capacity of MCP 6 by limiting the oxidation of MCP 6 during storage cycles in contact with oxygen and / or metal. Advantageously, this arrangement may also be useful to prevent corrosion of the enclosure 13 by the MCP 6 if it is corrosive.
    [0016] The enclosure 13 contains at least one MCP 6. It can be used mixtures of MCP 6. In the remainder of the description, the reference to a MCP 6 is not limiting. Different MCP 6 can be used in particular MCP 6 solid / solid transition or preferably the MCP 6 transition solid / liquid. The invention is suitable for a wide variety of MCP 6 and therefore a wide range of storage temperature. The two main categories of MCP 6 that can be used are organic (paraffin, fatty acid, alcohol, ...) and inorganics (salt hydrates, metal alloys, ...). By way of non-limiting example, MCP 6 is erythritol. The chamber 13 contains the MCP 6 which surrounds the heat exchanger 5. The heat exchanger 5 is embedded in the MCP 6. In this way, the exchanger 5 recovers at best the heat variations of the MCP 6. The MCP 6 is a preferentially solid or liquid two-phase material, the passage of which between these two phases stores or releases energy. Preferably, the transition from a first phase to a second phase will require heat which is stored in the MCP 6 in its second phase. On the other hand, the transition from the second phase to the first phase is exothermic and releases the stored heat. When the energy storage device operates to store thermal energy, the heat exchanger 5 brings heat into the chamber 13, there is a heat exchange of the heat transfer fluid 4 to the MCP 6 through the The heat exchanger 5. This heat will allow the transformation of the MCP 6 from the first phase to the second phase, which will then store the heat from the coolant 4. When the device operates to return heat energy, the heat exchanger 5 cools the heat. MCP 6, there is a heat exchange from the MCP 6 to the heat transfer fluid 4 through the exchanger 5, which allows the passage of the second phase to the first phase. This transformation is exothermic. The heat released is recovered by the coolant 4. The device according to the invention typically comprises means for storing the electrical energy in thermal energy by MCP 6.
    [0017] The device comprises according to the invention a source of electrical heat. This source of electrical heat is placed in the enclosure 13, advantageously immersed in the MCP 6. Preferably, said storage means comprise a preferably longitudinal section 7 in contact with the MCP 6 and comprising a housing 8 in which the source is housed of electric heat.
    [0018] The profile 7 comprises a housing 8 extending advantageously longitudinally from one end to the other of said profile 7. The housing 8 is preferably centered in said profile 7. The housing 8 may be of various sections, as a circular example as shown in the figures. By contact means a thermal contact, that is to say either direct contact or indirect contact by at least one conductive element.
    [0019] It is preferred that the electric heat source and the housing 8 is of complementary shape adjusted as a finger in a glove, to ensure a satisfactory thermal continuity. Otherwise, it is possible for the housing 8 of the section 7 to contain a thermal contact agent in which the electrical resistance 10 is immersed. The thermal contact agent is preferably a fluid. By way of example, the thermal contact agent is a thermal oil of the polychlorobiphenyl or polyol type, a metal powder, a molten metal, a PCM identical to or different from that contained in the enclosure 13. The thermal contact agent is intended to ensure the heat transfer between the electrical resistance 10 and the profile 7. The electric heat source is a means of converting electrical energy into thermal energy. Preferably, the means for transforming the electrical energy into thermal energy is a thermal resistance. The electrical resistance 10 is also called immersion heater. It is conceivable to use a means for transforming electrical energy into other thermal energy that is not based on the Joule effect such as thermal resistance, for example based on the Peltier effect or else by induction. However, the expected performance is lower and the device is more expensive and more cumbersome. In the following description, the term electrical resistance 10 is used without being limiting to this preferred embodiment. The profile 7 is preferably a metal profile for example aluminum. Aluminum profiles have the advantage of being conceivable industrially, at relatively low cost, by extrusion. In addition, aluminum is an excellent thermal conductor (200VV / m / K). The profile 7 is according to the invention in contact with the MCP 6. It is understood by contact that the profile is in thermal continuity with the MCP 6. In the case of the encapsulation of the MCP 6 in sealed modules, the profile 7 will be in contact with the MCP 6 contained in the waterproof modules. Preferably, the section 7 is located most in the center of the sealed module so as to be removed from the thermal contact areas between the MCP 6 and the coolant 4. This arrangement allows an electric charge in the center of the sealed module containing the MCP 6 and a thermal load by the walls of the module. These contact areas being arranged at the walls of the sealed modules.
    [0020] In the case of a direct contact between the MCP 6 and the coolant 4, the section 7 is immersed in the chamber 13 directly in the MCP 6 and the heat transfer fluid 4, the thermal contact being immediate. Preferably, the coolant 4 is introduced in the lower part of the enclosure 13, it rises because of its lower density relative to the MCP 6. The thermal load of the MCP 6 is here by the bottom of the enclosure 13 Advantageously, the profile 7 is arranged in the upper part of the enclosure 13 so as to keep the thermal load and the electric charge at a distance. Preferably, the profile 7 contains a vertical portion which will allow the creation of a liquid path through the solid MCP 6 and which will facilitate the rise of the coolant 4 and liquid MCP 6. In the preferred case of the invention illustrated in the figures, the profile 7 is immersed in the MCP 6. Preferably, the profile 7 is configured to allow thermal continuity between the exchangers 5 more precisely the inserts 3. Preferably, the profile 7 is in contact with them in order to optimize the thermal transfers on the one hand and on the other hand to maintain said exchangers 5. The profile 7, preferably also the inserts 3, must act as a support structure for the tubes 1 to fins 2. It is possible to have a profile 7 which would not be in contact with the inserts 3 provided that a general structure maintains the exchangers 5, or if the profile 7 is fixed at the top and bottom of the enclosure 13. In order to maintain relatively satisfactory heat transfer, fastening means advantageously maintain the network of tubes 1 / inserts 3 / profiles 7 or the profile 7 is welded to the enclosure 13. According to FIG. a preferred embodiment, the ends of the profiles 7, more precisely the housings 8, are closed for example with a welded plug at the bottom and via the flange of the electrical resistance 10 which is screwed in the upper part of the profile 7. The plug The bottom and the top flange are intended to prevent the MCP 6 from being placed between the electrical resistance 10 and the profile 7, which could damage the MCP 6 when heating the electrical resistance 10 or damage the resistance. 10 during the change of state of the MCP 6 due in particular to the volume expansion. The welding of a plug at the bottom is the preferred solution because the seal is almost guaranteed; for the flange at the top, it allows the invention to be flexible: it is possible to remove or return the electrical resistances, or replace them in case of failure.
    [0021] The profiles 7 used around the electrical resistors 10 make it possible to improve the effective thermal conductivity of the storage system, even if the electrical resistances do not work; they play indeed the role of fins. Furthermore, the profiles 7 protect the electrical resistance 10 of possible corrosion due to contact with the MCP 6 and facilitates the maintenance of said electrical resistors.
    [0022] The profile 7 according to the invention adapts to the exchangers 5 and in particular the inserts 3 and tubes 1 existing. Two exemplary embodiments are described below. The profile 7 illustrated in FIG. 6 is a profile comprising a central housing 8 within which the electrical resistance 10 is placed. In this case, it may be advantageous to add a thermal contact agent in the housing 8 to ensure a satisfactory thermal conduction between the electrical resistance 10 and the profile 7. Branching 9 extends from the housing 8. These branches 9 can take several forms, that illustrated corresponds to three branches 9 extending from the housing 8 centrifugally . The branches 9 are shaped to create contact surfaces with the MCP 6 and the exchangers (5). These branches 9 have, for example, a T shape. The outer flat part of the T is advantageously intended to be in contact with the exchanger 5, more precisely with the insert 3. The profile 7 is arranged in the interstices between the exchangers 5 The profile 7 is advantageously in contact with several inserts 3. This profile 7 has the advantage of being light and compact for the device leaving room for the MCP 6. The profile 7 shown in Figure 7 is a profile solid comprising a central housing 8 within which is arranged the electrical resistance 10. The section 7 has a triangular section whose vertices are flattened so as to form contact surfaces with the exchangers 5 more specifically with the inserts 3. This profile 7 is more resistant, it is preferred if the enclosure 13 is large and great strength is required. According to a preferred possibility, the device comprises fastening means 11 between the profile 7 and the exchanger 5, more precisely the insert 3. An example of fastening means 11 is illustrated in FIG. 5. Notches are formed on the surface. external inserts 3 in which the flat portion of the T of the profile 7 is clipped. According to the invention, the exchangers 5 and at least one profile 7 are monobloc. There is a mechanical solidarity between the heat exchangers 5 and said at least one section 7 ensuring their maintenance in the enclosure 13 advantageously without further attachment. By way of example, in view of the lengths and powers that could be envisaged for this type of device, the nominal diameters of the immersion heaters 5 would be of the order of 5 to 10 cm. It is necessary to design the profiles 7 and the inserts 3 accordingly as illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 10. There are an infinity of geometries in order to adapt the network of inserts 3 and profiles 7 as a function of the tubes 1, the fins 2 and electrical resistors. It should be remembered that the shapes of the inserts 3 and profiles 7 must be made in such a way that the fixing of the assembly forms a structure making it possible to support the network of tubes 1; it is also necessary that the geometries optimize the energy transfers between the electrical resistance 10 and the MCP 6, by the profile; likewise it is quite preferable to increase the exchange surface between the profiles 7 and the inserts 3. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the electrical resistance 10 is placed in a profile 7, itself immersed in the MCP 6 and delocalized with respect to the thermal load. The source of electrical heat is delocalized from the heat source. The heat source is remote from the electrical heat source. By offshoring is meant that the electrical resistance 10 and the thermal load produced by the coolant 4 are remote so as not to interfere. The distance is such that there is a thermal independence between the two heat transfer fluids 4 and 10. Indeed, if the electrical resistors were located along the tubes 1 fins 2, resistance wound around the tube for example, then the load The electrical charge would cause the tubes 1, which ensure the dissipation of the thermal energy of the coolant 4 (heat load) in the MCP 6, to be considerably warmer. and since the heat exchanged between the coolant 4 and the tube 1 depends on the temperature gradient between the two, then the temperature rise of the tube 1 will decrease the gradient, or even reverse it, and would therefore be an obstacle to the thermal load. For example, the distance separating the center of the tube 1 from the housing 8 respectively containing the heat transfer fluid 4 and the electric heat source is at least three the diameter of the tube 1. The invention allows an economic and ecological arbitration depending on the availability of calories from the heat network and electricity from the electricity grid. Moreover, in the case of overproduction of electricity due to intense operation of a wind farm, for example, the surplus is recoverable in thermal form in the storage system. It is thus possible to increase the size of wind farms, in order to increase basic production, while valuing electricity production in thermal form during peak production. In addition, the network manager can also choose to favor the electric load in the case where it would be less expensive than the thermal load. The invention also relates to a method of storing energy. The storage method comprises several phases.
    [0023] A phase a) of electrical energy storage, also called electric charge. During this phase, the electrical resistance 10 operates and the electricity is transformed into heat recovered by the thermal contact agent if it is present and then leaves the profile 7. The heat is then transmitted to the MCP 6 in which is The electrical energy is stored in the form of thermal energy. A phase b) of thermal energy storage, also called thermal load. During this phase, the heat transfer fluid 4 contained in the tube 1 provides heat which is transmitted to the MCP 6 in which the tube 1 is immersed. The thermal energy is stored in the form of thermal energy.
    [0024] A phase c) destocking of energy, also called thermal discharge. The coolant 4 recovers the heat stored in the MCP 6. The heat transfer fluid 4 is colder than the MCP 6 which then transmits thermal energy to the coolant 4. Advantageously, the phases a) and b) can be simultaneous. That is, the electric charge and the thermal load can be realized at the same time in the device according to the invention. The simultaneity of these two phases makes it possible in particular to limit the mechanical stresses of the MCP 6 on the exchanger 5. The invention allows the creation of liquid channels limiting the mechanical stresses on the fins 2 which would be induced by the volume expansion of the PCM 6 during its merger. During phase a) the electrical resistance 10 is in operation. The MCP 6 will melt near the wall of the profile 7 creating a liquid path from the bottom of it to the top of the chamber 13. When the MCP 6 melts, it expands and, in the absence of a pathway liquid, it rises in pressure which can lead to the damage of various elements of the device.
    [0025] Advantageously, the invention makes it possible to produce an electrical charge while the device is also being discharged thermally. Steps a) and c) can be simultaneous. In other words, while cold heat transfer fluid 4 circulates in the tubes 1 in order to recover the thermal energy stored in the MCP 6, thermal discharge, it is possible to carry out, in parallel, an electric charge at the level of the electrical resistances. The storage device then plays the role of heat exchanger. This mode of operation can make it possible to valorize an available electric energy. It can also help to ensure heat delivery in a substation, even if the heat network is unavailable due to maintenance or an accident. This type of operation is also comparable to the addition of a "power plant" on the heating network: indeed, in the case where all thermal power stations are at their maximum power but fail to ensure the demand, the putting into operation of the various electric charging means makes it possible to add a heat source to the network. Example: Installation of a storage device according to the invention on an urban heat network. A storage device according to the invention comprises a MCP 6, tubes 1 with fins 2 and an enclosure 13, immersion heaters placed in sections 7 and connected to the electrical network. For a phase change enthalpy storage system of the finned tubes and calandria type, it is necessary to count that the internal volume is occupied about a quarter or a third by the finned tubes. The tubes 1 are steel with inner and outer diameters of 20mm and 25.4mm respectively. Aluminum fins 2 pitch 2.54mm, average thickness 0.4mm and outer diameter 57.4mm, and inserts 3 in aluminum. Taking into account the insulation of the enclosure 13 and the outer covering, then the MCP 6 represents only a little more than half of the total space occupied by the storage device. If we consider a city of 150,000 inhabitants, the heat network, primary circuit, is covered by hot water overheated to 180 ° C, 20bar. Either an average substation: 25 - 75 homes served - 750MVVhth provided on the year - 150 days heating season (in low season, only the substations for the heating of domestic hot water are in use; the network operates at less than 10% of its total capacity) 30 - Substations supplied with superheated water up to 180 ° C, 20bar MW means Megawatt; MWh means Megawatt hour; MWh thermal means megawatt hour of thermal source or thermal energy discharged; MWh electric means megawatt hour of electrical origin. Consider an approximate consumption of SMWhthermique / jr, of which 35 1 .5MVVhthermique are consumed during peak consumption: it is the energy to be stored in the MCP 6. The load must be done about 3h, a desired power of 0 5M N --- -thermic- The MCP 6 selected is erythritol: - Melting temperature: 120 ° C - Massive melting point: 340 kJ / kg - Constant heat capacity at constant pressure - Solid density: 1480 kg / m3 - Liquid density: 1300 kg / m3 The total dimensions of such a storage are 2.3m in diameter and 3.0m high for the enclosure is 2.9m and 3.3m insulation included. There are about 100 tubes 1 and at least as many locations for placing immersion heaters in aluminum profiles 7. It is not necessarily necessary to place as many; in view of what is happening on the market of immersion heaters, about thirty seems sufficient. Indeed, knowing that the desired thermal power is 0.5M A / - -thermique and that the electric charge is there in addition, we can consider here a maximum electrical power of about 0.2r ^ Aw electric, or roughly close to 30 8kVVelectric immersion heaters- The immersion heaters offered by Chromalox go up to 3m high and 8kVVelectric, those of Vulcanic go up to 3.2m and 75kVVelectric- The immersion heaters are inserted from the top of the enclosure, they are either screwed into the profile 7, either connected to the profile 7 via a flange.25 REFERENCES 1. Tube 2. Wings 3. Insert 4. Heat transfer fluid 5. Exchanger 6. MCP 7. Profile 8. Housing 9. Branching 10. Electrical resistance 11. Means 12. External walls of the insert 13. Enclosure
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A phase change material (PCM) energy storage device comprising an enclosure (13) for receiving a phase change material (6) and a thermal heat source comprising a heat transfer fluid (4) passing through said enclosure ( 13) and configured to provide and extract heat to said MCP (6) characterized in that the device comprises an electric heat source arranged in the enclosure (13) configured to store only heat in said MCP (6).
    [0002]
    2. Device according to the preceding claim comprising a profile (7) arranged in thermal contact with the MCP (6) and comprising a housing (8) in which is disposed the electric heat source. 15
    [0003]
    3. Device according to the preceding claim wherein the housing (8) of said profile (7) comprises a thermal contact agent ensuring the thermal conductivity between the electric heat source and said profile (7).
    [0004]
    4. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric heat source is an electrical resistor (10).
    [0005]
    5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the thermal heat source comprises a heat exchanger (5) immersed in the MCP (6) and in which circulates the coolant (4).
    [0006]
    6. Device according to the preceding claim wherein the exchanger (5) comprises a tube (1) comprising peripheral fins (2) shaped to ensure heat transfer between the MCP (6) and the heat transfer fluid (4) contained in said tube (1).
    [0007]
    7. Device according to the preceding claim wherein the exchanger (5) comprises a metal insert (3) surrounding said tube (1) and configured to provide thermal continuity with said tube (1). 35
    [0008]
    8. Device according to any one of the three preceding claims in combination with any one of claims 2 or 3 in which theprofile (7) is in contact with the exchanger (5) receiving the coolant (4) .
    [0009]
    9. Device according to the preceding claim wherein the profile (7) comprises branches (9) extending from the housing (8) towards the exchanger (5).
    [0010]
    10. Device according to any one of the two preceding claims comprising a plurality of exchangers (5) and a plurality of profiles (7) arranged at the contacts of at least two exchangers (5).
    [0011]
    11. Device according to any one of claims 6 to 10 in combination with any one of claims 2 or 3 comprising fastening means between at least one exchanger (5) and a profile (7).
    [0012]
    12. Device according to the preceding claim wherein the exchanger (5) and the profile (7) forms a one-piece assembly dipping into the MCP (6) to be contained in the enclosure (13).
    [0013]
    13. Device according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the thermal heat source and the electric heat source are arranged at a distance from each other to provide thermal independence.
    [0014]
    Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims in combination with any one of claims 6 to 10 wherein the thermal heat source and the electric heat source are at least three times the diameter of the tube (1). ).
    [0015]
    15. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the MCP (6) is a liquid / solid MCP.
    [0016]
    16. A method of producing a thermal energy storage device by at least one phase change material (6) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises: a- a storage phase of electric energy in which the electric heat source transmits heat to the MCP (6) which stores the electrical energy as thermal energy, b- a thermal energy storage phase in which the heat transfer fluid (4) the thermal heat source transmits said heat to said MCP (6) which stores thermal energy, c- a thermal energy destocking phase in which the coolant (4) cools the MCP (6) which releases the energy heat that is recovered by the coolant (4).
    [0017]
    17. Method according to the preceding claim wherein the a- and b-phases are performed simultaneously or alternately.
    [0018]
    18. The method of claim 12 wherein the phases a- and c- are performed simultaneously.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2016016428A1|2016-02-04|
    EP3175196A1|2017-06-07|
    FR3024534B1|2019-03-22|
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    AT508992B1|2009-11-11|2011-08-15|Ziegler Klausdieter|PHASE CHANGE|FR3052547B1|2016-06-10|2019-12-20|Hutchinson|CENTERING DEVICE IN A VOLUME|
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    FR3073609B1|2017-04-28|2019-10-25|Valeo Systemes Thermiques|CHANNEL FOR THERMAL EXCHANGER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE|
    FR3067101B1|2017-04-28|2020-01-10|Valeo Systemes Thermiques|THERMAL MODULE COMPRISING A HOUSING AND A HEAT EXCHANGER|
    EP3396290A1|2017-04-28|2018-10-31|Valeo Systemes Thermiques-THS|Thermal module with a tank and a heat exchanger|
    US10578370B2|2017-06-13|2020-03-03|Modine Manufacturing Company|Integrated heat exchanger and coolant reservoir|
    KR101935718B1|2018-04-25|2019-01-04|에이치엘비생명과학|Heat Storage Module Assembly for Thermal Energy Delivery|
    KR101935717B1|2018-04-25|2019-01-04|에이치엘비생명과학|Heat Storage Unit for Thermal Energy Delivery|
    DE102019102955B3|2019-02-06|2020-02-13|Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.|Heat storage device and method for storing or providing heat by means of a heat storage device|
    IT201900015488A1|2019-09-03|2021-03-03|Irca Spa|ELECTRIC HEATER FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES|
    法律状态:
    2015-06-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-02-05| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160205 |
    2016-07-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-07-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-07-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-07-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1457433A|FR3024534B1|2014-07-31|2014-07-31|ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE BY PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL AND STORAGE METHOD THEREOF|
    FR1457433|2014-07-31|FR1457433A| FR3024534B1|2014-07-31|2014-07-31|ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE BY PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL AND STORAGE METHOD THEREOF|
    EP15747785.2A| EP3175196A1|2014-07-31|2015-07-31|Device for storing energy using a phase-change material and associated storage method|
    PCT/EP2015/067658| WO2016016428A1|2014-07-31|2015-07-31|Device for storing energy using a phase-change material and associated storage method|
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